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  • Thema von TimothyHughes im Forum Dies ist ein Forum in...

    Order one of the provided Turkmen individual support or wealth management services and we shall provide you a custom, tailor-made solution. Confidus Solutions, collaborates with a number of professionals from different industries, develops an efficient strategy and creates a unique solution designed for each customer specifically. Once the communication is established, you will receive a list of documents and information required to proceed.

  • Thema von TimothyHughes im Forum Dies ist ein Forum in...

    Bearing in mind that within the European Union there are no withholding taxes on IP royalty payments between one member state and another, we can suggest a number of countries where royalty income taxes are particularly advantageous.

    CYPRUS
    The intellectual property royalty tax system in Cyprus changed as a consequence of the recommendations of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)'s Action 5 report, as well as the conclusions of the Ecofin Council, published on 8 December 2015. The legislation was amended to limit the companies that can benefit from exemptions for research and development (R&D), but the tax rate in Cyprus is still one of the most favourable in the EU for foreign companies wishing to license the use of IP to a Cyprus-resident company (intermediary), where that right is then sub-licensed to the end user. Overall, the effective tax on income from IP royalties should be less than 2.5%.

    IRELAND
    In 2015, Ireland introduced an effective corporation tax rate of 6.25% on income derived from IP, based on an allowance for the research and development costs sustained by the company. By linking the two components in this way, Irish law encourages companies to conduct R&D directly, inside the EU — leading to the creation of IP — whereas it discourages them from buying licences without making a direct commitment to R&D.

    BELGIUM
    Belgium has established a tax regime that works in favour of those with income deriving from acquired copyrights. This fiscal regime can have many different applications, and can be used to protect artworks as well as providing a useful tax concession for IT developers. Revenues deriving from royalties on IP rights are taxed at 15%. These revenues are not taken into account when social security contributions are calculated. Moreover, for imports these taxes are reduced by 50% due to the application of standard entry costs. The first 15,000 euros earned by a copyright holder in a year is therefore taxed at 7.5%, and the following 15,000 at 11.25%. This tax system applies to those with a total annual income of up to 56,450 euros.

    THE NETHERLANDS
    Since 2010, IP revenues in the Netherlands have been taxed at just 5%. There is no income threshold, except with respect to patents. Patent holders can in fact have access to this tax system if their share of the expected income is between 30% and 70%, taking into account the total combined revenue from patents and other sources. These rates also apply to foreign companies that own intangible assets or companies that have obtained a research and development accreditation from the Dutch Ministry of Economic Affairs, if they are the holders of software IP or trade secrets. The only other limitation of this favourable tax regime is that it does not apply to marketing- and brand-related assets.

    LUXEMBOURG
    Generally, corporation tax in Luxembourg is 29.22%, but on revenues from IP licensing it can be as low as 5.8%. This is due to a corporate income tax exemption of 80%. Interestingly, this exemption also applies to companies that have registered a patent to be used in connection with their own activities, which then calculate a fictional net income, as if they had received the income from licensing it.

    ITALY
    Italy is a bigger market compared to the other countries discussed, and it can be a very attractive place for a company to invest in research and development, because since 2015 companies have been able to deduct income deriving from intellectual property from their taxable income base. The fiscal deduction was set at 30% in 2015, 40% in 2016 and 50% starting from 2017. Companies will therefore enjoy a substantial tax discount as a result of the reduction in their taxable income.

  • Limited partnershipsDatum18.12.2023 14:08
    Thema von TimothyHughes im Forum Dies ist ein Forum in...

    A limited partnership is a type of legal entity in which there are at least two partners, one of whom has limited liability, and one of whom does not. The number of partners can be greater than two, but nevertheless each is either a general partner (unlimited liability) or a limited or silent partner (limited liability). It is important to note that for a partnership to be considered limited, there must be both general and silent partners.

    As the name suggests, a limited partnership is a type of partnership, which means that there are at least two parties (partners) who agree to co-operate and share liability and income in pursuit of a common goal. While some aspects of the arrangement are dependent on the type of partnership (e.g. liability in the case of a limited partnership), the actual scope of co-operation, the extent of liability and the distribution of income can be established in a partnership contract in accordance with the partners’ wishes.

    Owners of a limited partnership
    By definition, the owners of a limited partnership are divided into two categories: general partners and silent or limited partners. Each party must be represented by at least one partner. The difference between the parties lies in the extent of their involvement in managing, taking liability for and sharing the company’s profits.

    General partners
    General partners in a limited partnership are those who bear unlimited liability for the company’s obligations. They have the right to participate in the management of the company, to vote on decisions and to determine the overall course of business development. General partners are usually also the ones who represent the company in dealings with third parties, as only they can enter into contracts with third parties on behalf of the partnership.

    Limited partners
    Limited or silent partners in a limited partnership are those whose liability for the company’s obligations is limited to the extent of their contributions. In other words, their liability does not extend beyond the amount they have invested in the company. This means that limited partners are better protected in the event of poor business planning and failures, but their influence within the partnership is limited as well. Limited partners cannot participate in the management of the company, i.e. they can invest, but they cannot control day-to-day operations or how their investments are managed.

    Functions of a limited partnership
    The main function of a limited partnership is to boost the partners’ chances of increasing their individual profits and security in comparison to what they would gain if they operated individually. Entering a partnership agreement may also allow the partners to compensate for the weaknesses, and utilise the strengths, of each individual: one of the partners may bring significant financial assets, another may be able to offer well-developed manufacturing facilities, while another may have a wide network of clients, etc.

    Other than that, limited partnerships have no special functions and are mainly distinguished from other legal business structures by the way the roles are distributed between partners. A limited partnership can engage in any type of business activity, including trade, services, manufacturing, etc.

    Advantages of a limited partnership
    There are two main advantages of a limited partnership:

    Asset protection
    In a limited partnership, partners co-operate to achieve more than they would individually, compensating for their weaknesses and combining their strengths. A limited partnership can generate more capital investment by bringing in new limited partners, greatly expanding the company’s financial options.

    Another important aspect is the protection of assets for limited partners. As their liability is limited to the value of their contributions, potential silent partners may consider it advantageous to join a limited partnership; because they can freely control their contributions, a partnership enables them to make a profit without taking major financial risks.

    General vs limited partnerships
    The main difference between a general and a limited partnership is the distribution of liability. In a general partnership, all of the liability is distributed equally between all partners, and that liability is unlimited, regardless of their contributions. By default, all rights over the income and management of the company are also shared equally, but this can be changed by amending the provisions of the partnership agreement. In a limited partnership, the extent of liability is different for general and limited partners. General partners have unlimited liability, meaning that their personal assets can be seized to cover the company’s debts, whereas a limited partner is liable only to the total value of their contributions.

    Best jurisdictions for limited partnerships
    Although in most countries the options for limited partnerships are more or less the same, there are a number of jurisdictions that are especially accommodating to this type of business and which may prove especially advantageous. These are:

    Japan
    The USA
    The United Kingdom

  • Company formation worldwide.Datum26.11.2023 11:15
    Thema von TimothyHughes im Forum Dies ist ein Forum in...

    Confidus Solutions is an international team of law and finance experts providing company formation, business immigration, banking, accounting and other business support services worldwide. We have numerous experts and partners around the world. Our lawyers and agents have served over 5000 clients in 10 years. Our many years of experience and competence enable us to offer first-class services worldwide. Our greatest values are your time and convenience, which makes Confidus the best choice as your corporate attorney.
    International business advisory, tax planning, bank account opening, company registration included in wealth management suite by Confidus Solutions.
    Our services include
    Company formation;
    bank account opening;
    business model consultation;
    international accounting;
    ready-made company acquisition;
    trademark registration.

  • Politics of SudanDatum10.06.2023 09:23
    Thema von TimothyHughes im Forum Dies ist ein Forum in...

    Sudan is a federal presidential republic with a dominant party. In terms of political and civil liberties, Sudan ranks third. Citizens in Sudan enjoy little or no civil liberties and political rights. Citizens are not free to express themselves and enjoy neither political freedom nor representative government. Countries with this political situation are dangerous for investment as an authoritarian government may have excessive control over economic affairs. The head of government is Omar al-Bashir.

    According to the World Bank Group, Sudan's Government Effectiveness Index stands at -1.61. This indicates that the Sudanese government is very ineffective. The government is unable to provide civil and public services to its citizens and has fostered a situation that is causing political and social unrest. In Sudan, legislative power rests with a national legislature. The Global Peace Index (GPI) for Sudan is 3.295. The strength of the Legal Rights Index for Sudan is 3. Overall, it is considered to be rather weak – bankruptcy and collateral laws can protect the rights of borrowers and lenders to some extent; Credit information may be sufficient but scarcely available or, conversely, available but not sufficient. In 2013, Sudan received US$983.2 million in foreign aid. In 2014, foreign aid amounted to $1123.5. Sudan is a member of the United Nations (UN). On November 12, 1956, it joined the United Nations as a full member. Sudan is a member of the World Bank.

  • Company formation in GuatemalaDatum24.03.2023 11:30
    Thema von TimothyHughes im Forum Dies ist ein Forum in...

    The development of telecommunications and economic globalization have made it possible for interested investors to set up companies all over the world. With proper research, financial investment and legal backing, business ventures can be safely incorporated in almost any country in the world. Building an international business used to be a complicated entrepreneurial venture, but today it is commonplace with the help of experienced legal and business advisors.

    The advantages of founding a company abroad are as numerous as they are obvious. Many countries offer specific locational advantages, ranging from natural resources and well-established infrastructure to beneficial laws and regulations that encourage growth in a particular industry. Likewise, it can be difficult to start a business or an acquisition in your own country due to adverse situations: political or regulatory environment, lack of resources and more. In this situation, it makes sense to consider an overseas option that offers greater opportunities for growth, development, and success.

    Company registration in Guatemala
    When starting a business in Guatemala, an interested investor must conduct due diligence regarding legal procedures, international regulations, and sufficient investment for success. It is crucial to understand cultural, social and political factors that influence starting and growing one's business. Failure to do so may result in unintended consequences. Poorly researched and toneless international launches often end in disaster as time, money and energy is wasted due to poor planning.


    Legal Documents
    Every country in the world presents its own intricate challenges when it comes to starting, developing and maintaining a business. Owners, financiers and investors must make these commitments with the support of a knowledgeable and experienced legal team. Only someone with in-depth knowledge of local and international corporate law will be able to set up an overseas business while avoiding the pitfalls that plague many new businesses.

    Additionally, smart business people can consider ways to invest in foreign companies without actually starting their own businesses. In these situations, it is still beneficial for the investor to partner with a knowledgeable global economics and litigation advisor. International investments create a truly diverse portfolio that offers growth opportunities that were unthinkable decades ago.

    Potential investors, venture capitalists and entrepreneurs should consider the existing infrastructure in Guatemala when planning to start a new business. While extensive infrastructure and systems can help make the process of starting a business a smooth one, it could also represent market saturation and reduced growth potential. On the other hand, a lack of infrastructure is often a major obstacle to growth; However, the lack of infrastructure points to a clear market opening for a creative and efficient new business.

    Opening a bank account in Guatemala
    In connection with the formation of a company, it is necessary to open one or more bank accounts in Guatemala. Confidus Solutions offers the ability to open a bank account in over twenty jurisdictions, making it easy for you to avoid challenging language barriers or bureaucratic hassles.

    Virtual office in Guatemala
    Since a registered address is a necessity for international business, Confidus Solutions enables foreign investors to set up a virtual office in Guatemala. This address allows international entrepreneurs to accept mail, arrange for shipping and set up a registered bank account in their country of business.

  • Industry of PeruDatum05.02.2023 13:30
    Thema von TimothyHughes im Forum Dies ist ein Forum in...

    Major industries in the country are mining and refining of minerals, steel, metal fabrication, petroleum extraction and refining, natural gas and natural gas liquefaction, fishing and fish processing, cement, glass, textiles, clothing, food processing, beer, soft drinks, rubber, machinery, electrical machinery, chemicals, furniture. The Industrial Production growth rate of Peru is 8.5%.3.6% of population in the country are unemployed. The total number of unemployed people in Peru is 1,171,865. Peru produces 38,400 GW/h of electricity each year. Peru emits 1.8 metric tons per capita of CO₂. On average, you would pay 1.46 USD for one liter of gasoline in Peru. One liter of diesel would cost 0.73 USD.

    Labour
    The total labor force of Peru is 17,902,670 people, wherein 1% are working in agriculture, 24% are working in industry, and 76% are employed in services. People in Peru speak the Spanish, Aymara, and Quechua languages.

  • Accounting in PolandDatum26.11.2022 12:22
    Thema von TimothyHughes im Forum Dies ist ein Forum in...

    If you have a company in Poland or setting up a business, then you have will have to prepare annual financial statements on the activities of the company. Financial reporting, management report, and auditor’s report – we are ready to provide you with all these services for your business.

    Accountancy solutions
    The principle of consistent and continuous entry of entries into the accounting account registers is implemented in the form of specialized books (ledgers), on the basis of which the annual financial report (sprawozdania finansowego) is drawn up.The reporting includes:

    balance for 12 months (bilans) – submitted before July 15 of the next year;
    information on profit and loss;
    appendices and explanations: auditor’s opinion, protocol on the distribution of profits and payment of dividends, confirmation that the report was approved at the meeting of founders.

    The full package of documents is submitted to the National Court Register (KRS), since 2019 this can be done only in electronic form.

    If the company is not subject to registration in the register, then the report is sent through the Central Register – Centralnej Ewidencji i Informacji o Dzia?alno?ci Gospodarczej until April 30 of the year following the reporting year.


    The specialists of our company will be happy to help you with bookkeeping in Poland. We provide a comprehensive, quality service for you, and all types of audit services including, financial reporting, management report, and auditor’s report, as well as give a consultation.

    Maintenance of financial accounting and reporting
    Our company takes care of all the issues related to accounting, from the processing of primary documentation to the provision of all necessary reports to the regulatory authorities.

    Support for statutory or internal audit
    We provide statutory and internal audit service to any organization is one of the important aspects of business activity.

    Preparation of annual reports
    Every year the company must submit an annual report about their activities. It does not matter if you made a profit or not. Our company provides accounting services for enterprises in Poland, which operate in various fields of activity.

    Drawing up permanent reports on accounting documents
    All organizations in Poland are required to prepare financial statements based on synthetic and analytical accounting data. The financial statements are signed by the head and the chief accountant (accountant) of the organization. By law, tax reports are submitted to the regulatory authorities on a monthly or quarterly basis.

    Management of company accounts
    Management accounting is one of the key factors when discussing business programs, plans, and goals in large organizations. Management accounts are usually built from multiple income statements of the firm. Management reports are usually prepared monthly or quarterly.

    HR payroll management
    The goal of HR payroll management is to simplify HR management processes and save your time. Payroll and tax calculations are also included in the package.

  • Most popular holding jurisdictionsDatum14.10.2022 16:33
    Thema von TimothyHughes im Forum Dies ist ein Forum in...

    Taking into consideration aspects like tax regime, substance requirements and confidentiality, we would strongly recommend that you choose one of the following jurisdictions for your holding structure:

    Malta: Dividend income can be 100% exempt of corporate tax, if the Maltese company a) holds at least 10% of the shares of the foreign subsidiary, or b) invests more than EUR 1.5 million in its subsidiary. Note that the subsidiary company must also either a) be domiciled in the European Union, b) pay at least 15% corporate tax in its country of domicile or c) generate its revenue mainly from trading activities.

    The Netherlands: The Dutch B.V. offers a great holding regime, with no minimum period for holding shares, no corporate income tax on dividend income and no capital gains tax from the sale of shares. However, you must adhere to a number of participation exemption rules: foreign subsidiaries must either a) be trading companies, or b) pay corporate tax of at least 10% in the countries where they are registered.

    Singapore: Corporate taxation in Singapore works on a one-tier basis, meaning that the 17% tax on corporate income is charged once and is final. Dividends distributed to shareholders are therefore not subject to additional withholding tax.

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